Safety of Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Literature Review.

The safety of COVID-19 pharmacotherapy is a relevant issue, first of all, because of the current lack of experience with using particular medicinal products and with off-label prescribing. The aim of the study was to analyse information on potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their predictors in etiology- and pathogenesis-oriented COVID-19 therapy. According to literature data, the main clinically significant risk factors for COVID-19 patients to develop an ADR are the duration of their hospital stay, combined use of antivirals, polypharmacy, and their history of drug allergies. The most common adverse reactions to antivirals, to virus-neutralising antibodies, and to human anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma are, respectively, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders;gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, and allergic reactions;and transfusion reactions (fever, chills, etc.). For pathogenesis-oriented therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids, the most characteristic ADR is hyperglycaemia. Janus kinase inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors are most often associated with gastrointestinal disorders and hypertransaminasemia;neutropenia is also characteristic of a number of interleukin inhibitors. Haemostatic adverse reactions to anticoagulants depend on the patient's dosing regimen and condition. Drug-drug interactions are a common problem in COVID-19 treatment, with the combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir showing the largest number of significant interactions attributed to their pharmacokinetics. Currently, there is data on the role of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in the safety and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 therapy. Thus, to improve the safety of COVID-19 therapy, an integrated approach is needed that will take into account both the clinical, demographic, and pharmacogenetic predictors of ADRs and the risk of drug-drug interactions.Copyright © 2023 Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. All rights reserved.

Validation of the russian version of the 4C Mortality Score and prediction of outcomes of severe COVID-19

The aim of the study is to validate the Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale and evaluate its accuracy in predicting the outcomes of severe COVID-19. Material and methods. The staff of the Center for Validation of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology received official permission from the authors to conduct a validation study of the 4C Mortality Score scale in Russia. In the course of the work, the linguistic and cultural ratification of the scale was carried out and its Russian-language version was prepared. Psychometric properties (reliability and validity) The Russian-language version was evaluated on a group of 78 patients (37 of whom were men, aged 34 to 88 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized in the City Clinical Hospital No. 15 named after O.M. Filatov (Moscow) in the period from June to August 2021. Results. The linguocultural adaptation of the 4C Mortality Score scale was successfully carried out. High levels of reliability were obtained (Spearman correlation coefficient rho=0.91, p<0.0001;Cronbach's alpha alpha=0.73, p=0.0002;Cohen's kappa kappa=0.85, p<0.0001). It is shown that the 4C Mortality Score scores have a significant correlation with the COVID-GRAM scores (r=0.72, p=0.002) and NEWS2 (r=0.54, p=0.004). Conclusion. As a result of the validation study, the official Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale was developed. It is recommended for use by medical professionals of various specialties at all stages of providing medical care to patients with COVID-19. The scale is available for download on the website of the Center for Validation of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology (https://www.neurology.ru/reabilitaciya/centr-validacii-mezhdunarodnyh-shkal-i-oprosnikov).Copyright © 2022 by the authors.

Post-COVID-19 and reproductive health (data from the survey and analysis of the results)

The article presents the data of a survey and analysis of the results of the studies «Post-covid syndrome in obstetrics and reproductive medicine» and «COVID-19 and reproductive health outside and during pregnancy» of 1000 patients of the obstetric department of the Filatov City Clinical Hospital No.15 of the Moscow Departament of Health for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 27, 2020 to March 26, 2022. The state of the cardiovascular system of a group of patients after COVID-19 was separately assessed, a number of important parameters of myocardial function were identified to identify groups at high risk of cardiac complications and their long-term individual rehabilitation after infection. The importance of vaccination at the preconception stage in women and men, during pregnancy and lactation was noted. © 2023, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Association of HLA Class I Genotype with Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19.

Numerous studies showed that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of death from COVID-19 by five times. It is generally accepted that the high lethality of COVID-19 against the background of DM is due to the main complications of this disease: micro- and macroangiopathies, as well as heart and kidney failure. In addition, it was shown that acute respiratory viral infection increases the production of interferon gamma, increases muscle resistance to insulin, and modulates the activity of effector CD8+ T cells. The ability of CD8+ T cells to recognize SARS-CoV-2-infected cells depends not only on humoral factors but also on individual genetic characteristics, including the individual set of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. In this study, the relationship of the MHC-I genotype of patients with DM aged less than 60 years with the outcome of COVID-19 was studied using a sample of 222 patients. It was shown that lethal outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with DM are associated with the low affinity of the interaction of an individual set of MHC-I molecules with SARS-CoV-2 peptides.

Safety of Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Literature Review.

The safety of COVID-19 pharmacotherapy is a relevant issue, first of all, because of the current lack of experience with using particular medicinal products and with off-label prescribing. The aim of the study was to analyse information on potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their predictors in etiology- and pathogenesis-oriented COVID-19 therapy. According to literature data, the main clinically significant risk factors for COVID-19 patients to develop an ADR are the duration of their hospital stay, combined use of antivirals, polypharmacy, and their history of drug allergies. The most common adverse reactions to antivirals, to virus-neutralising antibodies, and to human anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma are, respectively, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders;gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, and allergic reactions;and transfusion reactions (fever, chills, etc.). For pathogenesis-oriented therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids, the most characteristic ADR is hyperglycaemia. Janus kinase inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors are most often associated with gastrointestinal disorders and hypertransaminasemia;neutropenia is also characteristic of a number of interleukin inhibitors. Haemostatic adverse reactions to anticoagulants depend on the patient's dosing regimen and condition. Drug-drug interactions are a common problem in COVID-19 treatment, with the combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir showing the largest number of significant interactions attributed to their pharmacokinetics. Currently, there is data on the role of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in the safety and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 therapy. Thus, to improve the safety of COVID-19 therapy, an integrated approach is needed that will take into account both the clinical, demographic, and pharmacogenetic predictors of ADRs and the risk of drug-drug interactions.Copyright © 2023 Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. All rights reserved.

The Effect of Carriage of CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22 Polymorphic Variants on the Safety of Remdesivir Therapy in Patients with COVID-19.

The aim of the study was to assess the association of polymorphic variants CYP3A5*3 6986 A>G rs776746 and CYP3A4*22 rs35599367 C>T with the safety parameters of remdesivir therapy in patients with COVID-19. Material and methods. The study included 156 patients admitted to the City Clinical Hospital No. 15 of the Moscow Health Department with COVID-19 diagnosis, who received remdesivir as an antiviral drug. The frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, dyspeptic disorders), as well as various laboratory parameters (ALT, AST, creatinine, ferritin, interleukin-6, and d-dimer levels) were compared between the carriers of wild-type and polymorphic variants of the studied genes. Results. Carriers of CYP3A5*3 polymorphic variants (GA+AA) had higher ALT levels after the treatment with remdesivir than carriers of the wild variant (GG). When comparing the level of interleukin-6 after therapy with remdesivir, carriers of the polymorphic variant of the CYP3A4*22 (CT) gene had a significantly higher level of this cytokine. Conclusion. An association between the carriage of polymorphic variants of CYP3A5*3 and an increase in the level of liver enzymes was found. Polymorphic variants of CYP3A4*22 were associated with higher levels of interleukin-6. Additional pharmacogenetic studies are required to assess the possibilities of personalizing antiviral therapy for COVID-19.Copyright © Team of Authors, 2022.

The Effect of Carriage of CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22 Polymorphic Variants on the Safety of Remdesivir Therapy in Patients with COVID-19

The aim of the study was to assess the association of polymorphic variants CYP3A5*3 6986 A>G rs776746 and CYP3A4*22 rs35599367 C>T with the safety parameters of remdesivir therapy in patients with COVID-19. Material and methods. The study included 156 patients admitted to the City Clinical Hospital No. 15 of the Moscow Health Department with COVID-19 diagnosis, who received remdesivir as an antiviral drug. The frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, dyspeptic disorders), as well as various laboratory parameters (ALT, AST, creatinine, ferritin, interleukin-6, and d-dimer levels) were compared between the carriers of wild-type and polymorphic variants of the studied genes. Results. Carriers of CYP3A5*3 polymorphic variants (GA+AA) had higher ALT levels after the treatment with remdesivir than carriers of the wild variant (GG). When comparing the level of interleukin-6 after therapy with remdesivir, carriers of the polymorphic variant of the CYP3A4*22 (CT) gene had a significantly higher level of this cytokine. Conclusion. An association between the carriage of polymorphic variants of CYP3A5*3 and an increase in the level of liver enzymes was found. Polymorphic variants of CYP3A4*22 were associated with higher levels of interleukin-6. Additional pharmacogenetic studies are required to assess the possibilities of personalizing antiviral therapy for COVID-19.

Safety of Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Literature Review

The safety of COVID-19 pharmacotherapy is a relevant issue, first of all, because of the current lack of experience with using particular medicinal products and with off-label prescribing. The aim of the study was to analyse information on potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their predictors in etiology- and pathogenesis-oriented COVID-19 therapy. According to literature data, the main clinically significant risk factors for COVID-19 patients to develop an ADR are the duration of their hospital stay, combined use of antivirals, polypharmacy, and their history of drug allergies. The most common adverse reactions to antivirals, to virus-neutralising antibodies, and to human anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma are, respectively, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders;gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, and allergic reactions;and transfusion reactions (fever, chills, etc.). For pathogenesis-oriented therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids, the most characteristic ADR is hyperglycaemia. Janus kinase inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors are most often associated with gastrointestinal disorders and hypertransaminasemia;neutropenia is also characteristic of a number of interleukin inhibitors. Haemostatic adverse reactions to anticoagulants depend on the patient's dosing regimen and condition. Drug-drug interactions are a common problem in COVID-19 treatment, with the combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir showing the largest number of significant interactions attributed to their pharmacokinetics. Currently, there is data on the role of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in the safety and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 therapy. Thus, to improve the safety of COVID-19 therapy, an integrated approach is needed that will take into account both the clinical, demographic, and pharmacogenetic predictors of ADRs and the risk of drug-drug interactions.

Relationship of Covid-19 Severity with SARS-CoV-2 NS8 Protein Mutations Depending on Virus Strain.

In mid-2021, the Delta strain of SARS-CoV-2 caused the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Huge efforts have been devoted to studying the effect of its mutations on the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies. Much less attention was paid to the individual features of the presentation of its peptides by molecules of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MCHC-I). In this study, the correlation of the HLA-I genotype of patients under the age of 60 years with the severity of COVID-19 caused by the two most common variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain in the summer of 2021: AY.122 and B.1.617.2 was studied. Analysis of the severity of the course of COVID-19 revealed a more severe course of the disease caused by the AY.122 variant. Comparison of the mutation profile of the two most common variants of the Delta strain showed that that the G8R mutation in the NS8 protein makes the greatest contribution to the ability of MHC-I to present viral peptides. Given that the NS8 protein is able to suppress the maturation of MHC-I molecules, the appearance of a mutation in one of its immunogenic epitopes could make a significant contribution to the prevalence of the AY.122 variant in the Russian population.

Evaluation of the association of CES1 (rs2244613) polymorphisms with the safety of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Introduction. An outbreak of novel COVID-19 infection has become a real challenge for the entire human society, and first of all for the healthcare services. The development of new drugs is a complex and lengthy process. At the beginning of the pandemic, it forced an intensive study of well-known drugs for the therapy. Remdesivir was first investigated as a potential treatment for Ebola virus. After beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in vitro evaluations demonstrated its activity against SARS-CoV-2. Subsequent clinical studies showed the efficacy of remdesivir in shortening the time to recovery. Aim. To evaluate the effect of the carriage of polymorphic alleles of the CES1 gene (A > C, rs2244613) on the safety profile of remdesivir therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 154 patients hospitalized with coronavirus infection were included in the study. All patients received remdesivir as etiotropic therapy in the standard regimen: 200 mg on the first day followed by 100 mg daily for 5-10 days. In the course of observations, clinical and laboratory signs of adverse events were reported. Venous blood samples were collected from each patient for pharmacogenetic studies. Genotyping was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Statistical analysis: вata were analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 23.0. Results. There were no significant associations of carriage of various CES1 variants with the frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, nausea, vomiting) and laboratory markers of adverse events (ALT, AST, creatinine levels). Conclusion. In our study, no association was found between the carriage of CES1 gene polymorphisms and the safety parameters of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Further research into the possibilities of personalizing COVID-19 therapy through pharmacogenetic testing is needed. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the association of CES1 (rs2244613) polymorphisms with the safety of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Introduction. An outbreak of novel COVID-19 infection has become a real challenge for the entire human society, and first of all for the healthcare services. The development of new drugs is a complex and lengthy process. At the beginning of the pandemic, it forced an intensive study of well-known drugs for the therapy. Remdesivir was first investigated as a potential treatment for Ebola virus. After beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in vitro evaluations demonstrated its activity against SARS-CoV-2. Subsequent clinical studies showed the efficacy of remdesivir in shortening the time to recovery. Aim. To evaluate the effect of the carriage of polymorphic alleles of the CES1 gene (A > C, rs2244613) on the safety profile of remdesivir therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 154 patients hospitalized with coronavirus infection were included in the study. All patients received remdesivir as etiotropic therapy in the standard regimen: 200 mg on the first day followed by 100 mg daily for 5-10 days. In the course of observations, clinical and laboratory signs of adverse events were reported. Venous blood samples were collected from each patient for pharmacogenetic studies. Genotyping was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Statistical analysis: вata were analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 23.0. Results. There were no significant associations of carriage of various CES1 variants with the frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, nausea, vomiting) and laboratory markers of adverse events (ALT, AST, creatinine levels). Conclusion. In our study, no association was found between the carriage of CES1 gene polymorphisms and the safety parameters of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Further research into the possibilities of personalizing COVID-19 therapy through pharmacogenetic testing is needed. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.

Post-COVID-19 consequences in Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine

Post-COVID-19 syndrome is an urgent and acute problem with a diverse clinical picture, including reproductive disorders. The key to minimizing Post-COVID-19 complications is timely vaccination, active treatment of covid-associated inflammation and hypercoagulation syndrome, an individual rehabilitation program to maintain gynecological health and reproductive potential of each woman. The article presents the results of the work of the of the obstetric department of the Filatov City Clinical Hospital No.15 for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic from 03/27/2020 to 03/26/2022 (inclusive). The results of the study «Post-COVID-19 syndrome in Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine» are presented. Issues of the impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive and sexual health of women and men were brought up for discussion. A clinical case with an effective multidisciplinary treatment and diagnostic tactics of management and a personalized rehabilitation program is demonstrated. © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Sorrelation between age and the intensity of the post-vaccination humoral immune response in individuals passed COVID-19

Introduction. Despite widespread vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide, the epidemiological situation remains insufficient. The appearance of mutant forms of SARS-CoV-2 with increased virulence causes new waves of COVID-19 morbidity. The virus variability can cause the reduction of the vaccination effectiveness. In this regard, it is important to study the dynamics of post-vaccination immunity, its features in various population groups, as well as the relationship between post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity. The study continues a series of researches of the features of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents and recipients of the <<Sputnik V>> vaccine. The aim of the study - assessment of the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response in different age groups of people passed COVID-19 and subsequently vaccinated with <<Sputnik V>>. Material and methods. With the help of EIA, the level of IgG antibodies to S-antigen and N-antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was studied in 155 samples of blood sera of individuals (men and women) aged 18 to 70 years who passed COVID-19 and after 6 month of recovery underwent a full course of vaccination with <<Sputnik V>>. Samples from individuals of the following age groups were examined: from 18 to 35, from 35 to 45, from 45 to 55, from 55 to 65, from 65 to 70 years. Results. In all the examined age groups of individuals passed COVID-19 and then vaccinated with <<Sputnik V>>, there was a high level of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S-protein (positivity coefficient 8.1 and higher). The level of IgG antibodies to the N-protein in more than half of the cases was lower than positive values among all the subjects. Conclusion. The study showed that individuals passed COVID-19 and then vaccinated with <<Sputnik V>>, regardless of age, have intense post-vaccination humoral immunity. Copyright © 2022 Meditsina Publishers. All rights reserved.

[FEATURES OF THE USE OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19].

The review traces the evolution of the section on the use of antibacterial drugs in the temporary guidelines of the Ministry of Health for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection. Diagnostic approaches that play an important role in deciding on the need and duration of antibacterial therapy are presented. Routine use of fluoroquinolones should be restricted due to the adverse safety spectrum. According to existing data, the tactic of short courses of antibacterial therapy for community-acquired pneumonia are not inferior in effectiveness to longer courses. Unjustified prescribing of antibiotics increases the cost of medical care, promotes the selection of resistant pathogens and leads to adverse side effects. Timely updating of clinical recommendations, implementation of programs to control the appointment of antibacterial agents in medical organizations and strengthening the role of the clinical pharmacology service can reduce these adverse events.

DYNAMICS OF CT-PICTURE CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH A CRITICAL DEGREE OF LUNG TISSUE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS

It was found that death from coronavirus infection is the more likely, the higher the degree of damage to the lung on the visual scale "CT 0-4". Thus, patients with pulmonary involvement of 75% or more are predictively poor in terms of outcome. Assessment of the influence of the rate of disease progression to CT-4 on mortality and the search for factors affecting this indicator may be of practical importance. The purpose of this study is comparison of the duration of progression of the CT picture to a critical degree in various "waves" of the pandemic, the search for factors influencing the interval of "debut diseases - CT 4", as well as the assessment of the state of the lung tissue after a total process in a long period of time. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 708 patients (226 in the first wave, 482 in the second wave), hospitalized at City Clinical Hospital No. 15 and having a critical degree of lung. 25 discharged patients underwent a control CT scan 6 and 12 months after discharge from the hospital. Results: The study groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics and the degree of CT at admission in hospital. When comparing the interval "onset of the disease - detection of CT-4", no significant differences between the "waves" were found (p = 0.372). When assessing the CT-picture in the delayed period, there were no significant differences in the frequency of changes between the groups;an almost complete regression of inflammatory changes was observed. In the study of the entire sample, an increase in the interval "onset of the disease - detection of CT-4" (p = 0.033) was found in men (11 days (7-16)) compared with women for 10 days (6-15), and in discharged patients (12 days (8-18) compared with deaths (10 days (6-15)) (p <0.001). There was a significant reduction in the progression time with increasing age of patients (p = 0.003) Conclusions: Considering the data obtained on the possible influence of the timing of the progression of the CT picture on the mortality of patients, as well as the results of long-term observation, it is advisable to search for modifiable risk factors for the rapid progression of the disease.

ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE IN ROUTINE OF DAILY ACTIVITIES OF THE OPERATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE OF THE MOSCOW DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH IN PROVIDING QUALITY MEDICAL CARE TO POPULATION IN 2017-2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the operational administrative service of the Department of Health of Moscow to ensure the health of the population. Materials and research methods. We analyzed the work of the operational administrative service of the Department of Health of Moscow in 2017-2021 basing on verbal complaints of citizens about shortcomings in the work on the provision of medical care to the population. Materials of the study – reports on the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies;orders, instructions and other documents of the Department of Health of Moscow. Results of the study and their analysis. The work of operational administrative service proved its efficiency: opportunities for the citizens to seek medical assistance expanded, number of cases of operative response increased. Expansion of the operational administrative service staff due to epidemiological situation on COVID-19 increased the number of verbal appeals of citizens in comparison with 2019. Intensive work on detection of errors and their elimination by specialists of medical treatment organizations led to a decrease in number of requests for medical care and to a reduction of validity of verbal complaints about shortcomings of its provision. It is concluded that it is expedient to create similar services in other megalopolises of the Russian Federation. © Burnasyan FMBC FMBA.

Post-vaccination and post-infection humoral immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection

Introduction. Mass vaccination of the population against SARS-CoV-2 in Russia and abroad has been going on for more than 2 years. Various types of vaccines are used for vaccination (vector vaccines, RNA vaccines, whole-virion vaccines). The first in the world was registered the Russian vector vaccine «Gam-COVID-Vac» («Sputnik V»), which is widely used in our country, as well as in many other countries of the world. An important area of research is the monitoring of the parameters of the vaccine-induced immune response their analysis in relation to the characteristics of the immune response caused by SARSCoV-2 infection/COVID-19. Such studies are important both for assessing the intensity and duration of post-vaccination immunity, and for improving strategies for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of coronavirus infection. The article presents the results of a study of the humoral immune response in patients with COVID-19 and vaccinated with «Sputnik V» in the period from autumn 2020 till the present time. The aim of the work - a comparative study of the humoral immune response to SARSCoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19. Material and methods. The content of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S- and N-proteins was studied in 449 blood serum samples of men and women (age 25-65 years). 5 groups of samples were formed: suffered from COVID-19 of mild and moderate severity, at different times after recovery (262 samples);immunized with the «Sputnik V» vaccine, at different times after injection of the 2nd component of «Sputnik V» (104 samples);suffered from COVID-19 of mild and moderate severity, and then vaccinated with «Sputnik V» (53 samples);vaccinated with «Sputnik V», and then suffered with COVID-19 (12 samples);revaccinated with the vaccine «Sputnik Light» (18 samples). Results. To assess the content of IgG antibodies to S-protein and to N-protein of SARSCoV-2 in human blood sera, an EIA diagnostic system was developed further certified by the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. In people suffered COVID-19 in 90 % of cases the positive levels of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S-protein persist 9 months after recovery, while the proportion of potential plasma donors and material for obtaining intravenous immunoglobulin with a high content of IgG antibodies to S-protein 1 month after the disease is 20 %. In 76 % of people vaccinated with «Sputnik V» high levels of IgG antibodies to S-protein are detected within 6 months after the course of vaccination. The content of IgG antibodies to S-protein in the blood sera of persons suffered COVID-19, and then 6 months after recovery vaccinated with the 1st component of the vaccine «Sputnik V» in 100 % of cases was high with a positivity coefficient above 8.1, regardless of the initial value, already on 7 and 21 days after injection. In persons vaccinated with «Sputnik V» and then passed COVID-19, a high content of S-specific IgG antibodies is observed in 100 % of cases. The examination of vaccinated persons who underwent revaccination with «Sputnik Light» showed a 100 % high level of antibodies against S-protein. Conclusion. The developed test system may be suitable for assessing the content of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in COVID-19 patients, vaccinated and revaccinated. The performed study demonstrated that there is a intensive post-vaccination immunity for 6 months and post-infectious immunity for 9 months.

Validation of the russian version of the 4C Mortality Score and prediction of outcomes of severe COVID-19

The aim of the study is to validate the Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale and evaluate its accuracy in predicting the outcomes of severe COVID-19. Material and methods. The staff of the Center for Validation of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology received official permission from the authors to conduct a validation study of the 4C Mortality Score scale in Russia. In the course of the work, the linguistic and cultural ratification of the scale was carried out and its Russian-language version was prepared. Psychometric properties (reliability and validity) The Russian-language version was evaluated on a group of 78 patients (37 of whom were men, aged 34 to 88 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized in the City Clinical Hospital No. 15 named after O.M. Filatov (Moscow) in the period from June to August 2021. Results. The linguocultural adaptation of the 4C Mortality Score scale was successfully carried out. High levels of reliability were obtained (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ=0.91, p<0.0001;Cronbach's alpha α=0.73, p=0.0002;Cohen's kappa κ=0.85, p<0.0001). It is shown that the 4C Mortality Score scores have a significant correlation with the COVID-GRAM scores (r=0.72, p=0.002) and NEWS2 (r=0.54, p=0.004). Conclusion. As a result of the validation study, the official Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale was developed. It is recommended for use by medical professionals of various specialties at all stages of providing medical care to patients with COVID-19. The scale is available for download on the website of the Center for Validation of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology (https://www.neurology.ru/reabilitaciya/centr-validacii-mezhdunarodnyh-shkal-i-oprosnikov). © 2022 by the authors.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome in Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine

The article provides information on the Post-COVID-19 syndrome that is relevant today. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is systemic in nature and is manifested, as a rule, by persistent asthenia and neurocognitive impairment in patients. Possible mechanisms of prolonged pro-longation or the occurrence of various multiple organ complications in patients undergoing COVID-19 are considered. The ways of supporting patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome is proposed, including for reducing significant socio-economic consequences. The analysis of the world literature was carried out, the lack of studies with a comprehensive and objective assessment of the quality of life of pregnant women and those who gave birth with COVID-19 was revealed. In order to understand the immediate and long-term consequences of the transferred new coronavirus infection in 1510 patients of the obstetric department of the Filatov City Clinical Hospital No.15 a questionnaire has been drawn up, the collection and analysis of the data obtained is being carried out. © 2021, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification as a Promising Method for Mass COVID-19 Diagnostics.

Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the most popular method for early COVID-19 diagnostics. However, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is superior to real-time RT-PCR in rapidity and simplicity, since it does not require expensive laboratory equipment and trained personnel. LAMP-based diagnostic kits for COVID-19 testing already exist, but corresponding tests are not yet widely available. The method has great potential for mass application. Here, we discuss the technical and methodological aspects of its widespread adoption.